DIABETES KETOACIDOSIS

Introduction

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS, also known as hyperosmotic hyperglycemic nonketotic state [HHNK]) are two of the most serious acute complications of diabetes. They are part of the spectrum of hyperglycemia, and each represents an extreme in the spectrum. In addition, ketoacidosis with mild hyperglycemia or even normal blood glucose has become more common with the increased use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 [SGLT2] inhibitors.